Her extensive international experience includes assignments in Egypt and 30 other countries, where her work emphasizes policy reform, trade and investment, corporate responsibility, infrastructure development, and private enterprise promotion. The Entrepreneurship Indicators Programme (EIP) is a co-ordinated effort to agree on a policy-relevant, analytical model, build a measurement infrastructure and gather comparable data. She is currently the vice president of the Association for Middle Eastern Public Policy and Administration, an organization that works to promote governance in the Middle East. There are four opportunity areas to unlock the potential of women and entrepreneurship in India: 1. The number of women-owned businesses is growing. Mona Mowafi is the co-founder and president of RISE Egypt and a visiting research scientist at Harvard's School of Public Health. Prior to starting Affectiva, Ms. el Kaliouby was a research scientist at MIT Media Lab where she spearheaded the applications of facial coding from autism to advertising. Found inside – Page 33annex presents data and facts on small and medium-sized enterprises and entrepreneurship for some OECD countries and a few emerging and MENA economies. Mohamed Abdel-KaderDeputy Assistant Secretary, International and Foreign Language Education, U.S. Department of EducationMohamed Abdel-Kader is the deputy assistant secretary in the office of International and Foreign Language Education (IFLE) at the U.S. Department of Education’s Office of Postsecondary Education. The research is based on extensive statistical analysis, expert interviews and published books and articles due to the lack of online scholarly sources. ; Alberto Behar and Junghwan Mok, "Does Public Employment Reduce Unemployment?" As Ovais Naqvi, managing director of the Abraaj Performance Acceleration Group, aptly put it, socio-cultural changes that would help encourage entrepreneurs include: the family and society structures; the role of and deference toward age; the existence and encouragement of innovation, creativity, arts, music, and literature communities; freedom of speech and expression; respect for the radical, maverick, and even seemingly crazy view and for nonconformity; cultural openness and the breadth and depth of that embrace; and the “continuous beta” versus product perfection culture. The Swedish Trade & Invest Council, “Egypt Entrepreneurship Study,” Business Sweden Dubai, August 2015, 6-9, http://www.swedenabroad.com/ImageVaultFiles/id_35371/cf_347/Business_Sweden_Egypt_Entrepreneurship_Study.PDF. This view is currently being challenged in advanced economies for exacerbating inequalities. World Bank, “Doing Business 2017: Equal Opportunity for All,” Middle East and North Africa Regional Profile, 2017, 7, http://www.doingbusiness.org/reports/~/media/WBG/DoingBusiness/Documents/Profiles/Regional/DB2017/MENA.pdf. Found inside – Page 189enterprises in Egypt and contributing over 80% of GDP and 75% of total ... Then the data analysis process, descriptive statistics were calculated to ... Egypt, with vast swaths of desert in its east and west and the rich Nile River Valley at its heart, is site to . According to the survey in 2015, 90 percent of Egyptian women aged 18 - . Governments in the region should therefore create incentives for banks to provide loans that are more accessible to entrepreneurs. He is on the Investment Committee of The Wamda Fund, one of the largest venture capital funds in the Middle East. Previously, Dr. Bremer held the position of professor of practice and chair of the Department of Public Policy and Administration at the American University in Cairo and served on the staff of the Agricultural Policy Analysis Project directing the agricultural and dual development practice. An earlier version of this report was published in 2015. Shahid Yusuf, “Middle East Transitions: The Long, Hard Road,” International Monetary Fund (IMF), Working Paper 14/35, 2014, 7-8, https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2014/wp14135.pdf. Exciting regional initiatives, such as Injaz Al Arab, Grameen-Jameel, Silatech, Wamda, Oasis500, and Environmental Quality International (EQI), are helping propel a pro-entrepreneurial ecosystem forward. Developing regions included Latin America and the Caribbean, sub-Saharan Africa, and Asia Pacific and South Asia. Previously, Mr. Abdel-Kader served as the director of development for the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University, managed the university’s advancement strategy in the Middle East region, and led donor development efforts for the Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study. Flat6Labs, Accelerator Company and the key player in the entrepreneurship ecosystem in Egypt, closed EGP 100 million funds with the support of the Ministry of Investment and International Cooperation. Additionally, despite recent reforms, many still do not perform well in benchmarks on enforcing contracts, dealing with construction permits, registering property, and trading across borders.28 On average, it costs MENA entrepreneurs 26 percent of their countries’ income per capita to start a small business compared, for example, to just 3 percent for entrepreneurs in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries.29. 1,001,450 SQ.KM. Read more about or buy the book. This policy shift coincides with a change in the attitudes of Arab youth to working in the public and private sectors. Our report will shed light on these challenges. Jacqui Kew et al., “Generation Entrepreneur? Other major challenges relate to a pervading culture of risk aversion and fear of failure.30 There is also a dearth of training programs that promote the “personal growth” and confidence of entrepreneurs.31 In other words, there is still much to be done to provide a positive ecosystem for Arab entrepreneurs. 2 (2015): 111-112. followed by Egypt and Jordan. She also assesses the locational determinants and spillover effect of foreign direct investment. GDP. Ms. Mowafi has numerous publications in her area of research, and in 2011, she was recognized as an emerging leader in global health research by the Global Health Council. Crony capitalism—prevalent in many Arab countries—embodies many of these challenges.18 Many large firms leverage political ties to their respective governments to benefit from cheap credit, favorable tax regimes, or added regulations that protect their market share through licenses or quotas. Mr. Shalaby came to Mobinil from Washington, D.C. where he was AT&T's director for public affairs, serving as the company’s link to lawmakers on Capitol Hill and lobbying the executive branch of the U.S. government. In the evaluation of the entrepreneurship framework conditions in Egypt, the country scored its highest on the physical infrastructure indicator, at 6.7 . Her extensive international experience includes assignments in Egypt and 30 other countries, where her work emphasizes policy reform, trade and investment, corporate responsibility, infrastructure development, and private enterprise promotion. She invented the company’s award winning, automated facial coding technology, Affdex, used by over 1.400 brands and one third of the Fortune Global 100 today. The World Economic Forum is an independent international organization committed to improving the state of the world by engaging business, political, academic and other leaders of society to shape global, regional and industry agendas. Found inside – Page 281More women than men start a business out of necessity, particularly in Egypt and Mexico Percentage of enterprises whose owners became entrepreneurs out of ... Vice President for Policy and Research, MEI, Oman Library at the Middle East Institute, The return of the pharaohs: The rise of Egypt’s civilization-state, East Med gas needs clean tech and regional integration to support investment case, Social Enterprise in Egypt: Start-Ups with Staying Power. Washington, Although estimates vary, the number of micro, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in South Africa rose by 3%, from 2.18 million in the first quarter of 2008 to 2.25 million in the second quarter of 2015 (Bureau for Economic Research (BER), 2016). Get the comprehensive list of indicators of entrepreneurial determinants. Pressing banks to extend financing opportunities to entrepreneurs, improving market access through better integrated regional supply chains, and deconstructing non-tariff barriers are highly politicized issues in the Arab world. Entrepreneurs and SMEs: Engines of Inclusive Growth, As developing countries, including those in the Arab world, continue to struggle with limited fiscal capacity to create jobs and absorb new entrants into the labor market, the attractiveness of including entrepreneurship in job creation toolkits has grown. Specifically, in addition to creating jobs, entrepreneurs and SMEs can assist in disrupting the pervasive problem of crony capitalism in the region. He has written extensively on startups and innovation as well as emerging growth markets and the Middle East for The Washington Post, Wall Street Journal, Fortune, Fast Company, TechCrunch, Pando Daily, and Business Insider. 20 07/11/2010 Social Media for Entrepreneurs Egypt 22% Facebook users in Egypt: 3,436,140 Now 4,300,000 + Penetration in Egypt: 4.21% Now 5.36% Online penetration in Egypt: 25.28% 21. Instead, many challenges continue to impede Arab entrepreneurs from reaching their full potential. labour market, and integrate entrepreneurship education in the curricula of all tracks. The African Development Bank hereby invites Individual Consultants to indicate their interest in the following Assignment: Innovation, Science, Technology and Entrepreneurship Expert (Consulting opportunity) for the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Lab. ILO, “World Employment and Social Outlook,” 5. The countries with the top startups/companies in Startup Ranking like United States, India, United Kingdom, Canada, Indonesia, Germany, Australia, France, Spain, Brazil. Found inside – Page 396“ Egypt : Statistical Survey , ” Orbis : The Encyclopaedia of Extra - European ... Meyer , A. J. Entrepreneurship : The Missing Link in the Arab States . At the same time, though, I've been fortunate enough to succeed a few times, too. Found inside – Page 124MENA mainly addresses the following countries: Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iran, ... Statistics on the MENA countries show that the general entrepreneurial ... This has been compounded by the region’s continued political turmoil and growing fiscal pressures, as well as a global economy that is experiencing mediocre growth. The state of entrepreneurship in Canada is healthy overall and compares favourably to other developed economies, but there are fewer new businesses than before, and most owners of small and medium-sized businesses are getting older. The only Arab countries surveyed are Algeria, Egypt, the West Bank and Gaza Strip, and Tunisia. Arab entrepreneurship initiatives: this is an alphabetical list of major, active, multi-year initiatives taken to promote entrepreneurship in Arab-majority countries.It includes private-sector, government, NGO and INGO initiatives. recently, Levine and Rubenstein 2017, Wang 2019, Fairlie and Fossen 2019). Found insideAbdelMalek, Anouar (1968) Egypt: Military Society (translated from French), ... Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics—CAPMAS (July 1966) al ... Moziah Bridges. CAPMAS Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics CEDAW . To take advantage of that opportunity, however, there is a great deal of work to be done in order to improve the ecosystem for entrepreneurs, particularly at the policy level. In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, SMEs represent 80 to 90 percent of all businesses in the formal sector.5, Research supports the general observation that entrepreneurship can be a crucial generator of jobs.6 While entrepreneurial activities invariably create some new jobs in the short term, more interestingly, evidence from Europe and the United States has shown that competition created by new firms can replace inefficient companies. As an entrepreneur, I know about failure. The ETIFE (Firms, entrepreneurship and innovation) unit at the World Bank, a team of microeconomists and development practitioners works on providing evidence-based, operationally-relevant solutions to these questions. Although it is relatively easy to start a business, data issued by Statistics Canada found that business entry . Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and entrepreneurs have been hit hard during the COVID-19 crisis. 100 Women Entrepreneurs are launched, an initiative dedicated to promoting the inclusion of women in the economy "Mexico not only needs more women to undertake, it also requires that those who . Section 2: Profile of women entrepreneurs in Egypt 6 2.1 Gender and business ownership 6 2.2 Distribution of women entrepreneurs according to formality and informality 7 2.3 Distribution of women entrepreneurs by governorate 8 2.4. He helped in achieving more liberalization of the telecoms sector internationally for the emerging nations of the Middle East, Africa, and Eastern Europe. 1 Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics He serves on the board of advisers of the American University of Cairo School of Business, American University School of International Service, the Jordanian startup incubator Oasis500, and the boards of directors of the American University of Beirut, The German Marshall Fund and the American Council on Germany. Connecting Global Investors to Social Entrepreneurship for Development in Egypt, Panel 2: Entrepreneur Presentations: Enterprises in the Environmental Sector, Entrepreneur Presentations: Enterprises in the. Egypt is emerging as an entrepreneurial hotspot. 1763 N St. NW, Washington D.C. 20036. 100,388,076. Gabriella Cacciotti and James C. Hayton, “Fear of Failure and Entrepreneurship: A Review and Direction for Future Research,” Enterprise Research Center, Research Paper no. Japan claims the No. She has fourteen years of work experience in both the private sector and government where she specializes in private sector development, investment climate assessment, and public policy evaluation. In particular, the governments are unwilling or unable to accommodate structures and systems that they perceive as challenging the existing relationships of power and control (such as liberalizing of the regulatory environment).55 Such hesitation underlies the structural barriers to economic integration within the region. The Islamic Investment Network is a gateway for entrepreneurs and existing businesses to meet there financial needs by connecting with specific group of islamic investors. This fund marks a significant growth for Egyptian entrepreneurs and startups that will put Egypt on the global entrepreneurship map. Fadi Salem and Racha Mourtada, “Social Media, Employment and Entrepreneurship,” Dubai School of Government and Innovation Program, October 2012, 17, http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2203122. Egypt has the second lowest rate for the percentage of the population (18-64) that has received any exposure to entrepreneurship in the education and training system. Found inside – Page 1667(Behboudi, Assadzadeh and Oskoui, 2013) According to Statistical Review of ... history of Egypt shows a country that does not incentive entrepreneurship or ... He also served on the staff of secretary of state James Baker and under secretary Robert Zoellick. Found inside – Page 45Unfortunately , reliable trend data suitable for statistical methods like time series analysis is unavailable . To still get a sense of how divides are ... . Jamil Wyne, “The Next Step: Breaking Barriers to Scale for MENA’s Entrepreneurs,” Wamda Research Lab, March 2014, http://wamda-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/lab-reports/8abba76fa3a2849.pdf. Found inside – Page 188Entrepreneurship and investment in Egypt International migration can affect ... the Central Agency of Public Mobilisation and Statistics (CAPMAS) in Egypt. He serves on the board of advisers of the American University of Cairo School of Business, American University School of International Service, the Jordanian startup incubator Oasis500, and the boards of directors of the American University of Beirut, The German Marshall Fund and the American Council on Germany. Scheland subsequently worked in the IAEA secretariat 2011-14. Found inside – Page 188We use statistics with an annual frequency covering a period from 1990 to 2017, ... Australia (Pacific), South Africa, Nigeria, Egypt, Algeria (Africa), ... International Labour Organization (ILO), “World Employment and Social Outlook: Trends for Youth,” 2016, 44, http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/---publ/documents/publication/wcms_513739.pdf. Found inside – Page 154Czech Republic Denmark Egypt El Salvador Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany ... Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic Companies, Ministry of Justice. The majority of these new early-stage entrepreneurs, however, do not appear to be starting new firms as a result of the pandemic but, rather, in spite of it. El-Saie has been recognized for her social entrepreneurship by AUC’s Entrepreneurs’ Society. Abstract. The State of Women-Owned Businesses, 2019 66 As of 2019, Latina/Hispanic women-owned businesses: • Numbered 2,346,200 or 18% of all women-owned businesses. On June 5, they were joined by policy experts and investors for a series of presentations and conversations focused on expanding the role of entrepreneurs in development. GDP. By the end of the second year, 30 percent of . Found inside – Page 139Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (2008), Egypt Entrepreneurship Report. ... and Statistics www.msrintranet.capmas.gov.eg/pls/fdl/tst12e?action=&lname= Egypt ... Topics in Middle Eastern and African Economies 17, no. During these years, he served on the boards of the American Chamber of Commerce, becoming its president from 1991-1992, the Bi-national Fulbright Commission, and Seeds of Peace; he currently chairs the board of Injaz and SIFE in Egypt. Alyaa Said AhmedLearners Program Manager, Tahrir AcademyAlyaa Said Ahmed leads the learners program in Tahrir Academy, which focuses on maximizing students’ educational experience at the Academy. Intrapreneurship is the promotion of flexibility, innovation, and risk-taking from within an organization in order to spawn new ventures. In particular, compared to an annual average of just 16 reforms in the past five years, 11 MENA countries implemented 21 liberalizing reforms in 2015. Policy reforms in these areas have therefore been difficult to implement. Mr. Schroeder was the CEO and publisher of washingtonpost.newsweek interactive and co-founder of the Silicon Valley venture capital backed startup HealthCentral.com, sold in 2012. Ministry of Tourism statistics show a noticeable increase in tourist numbers: since the beginning of 2021, Egypt has welcomed 300,000 visitors every month for an inside look at the role social entrepreneurship is playing in spurring the Egyptian economy. Bessma Momani, "The EU, the Middle East, and Regional Integration," World Economics 8, no. In 2012, 55 percent of Arab youth preferred a public sector job, but that figure dropped to 43 percent in 2014. In the first of our new series focusing on the entrepreneurs that are reacting quickly and agilely to the global pandemic, we speak to the biggest Egyptian fitness entrepreneurs to find out how the young industry was so quick to shift online, and what the current crisis could mean for its future. However, while many Arab states have reformed laws on paper, they still struggle when it comes to enforcement, deterring real change. Egypt, with vast swaths of desert in its east and west and the rich Nile River Valley at its heart, is site to . Bessma Momani and Mehrunisa Qayyum, “Intrapreneurship in MENA’s Public Sector,” Gulf Business, September 1, 2013, http://gulfbusiness.com/intrapreneurship-in-menas-public-sector/. The region has yet to create the economic ecosystem necessary for entrepreneurship to thrive—that is, an integrated policy environment that encourages startups and enables entrepreneurial ventures to take hold and succeed. (BuiltIn, 2021) Social Media Use of Generation Z Statistics According to the government, the number of Internet users increased from 1% of the population in 2000 to 17.2% in 2008, or 13 million people. “Small Enterprises in the Middle East and North Africa Face Risks and Rewards in the Public Market,” World Bank, May 20, 2015, http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2015/05/20/small-enterprises-in-the-middle-east-and-north-africa-face-risks-and-rewards-in-the-public-market. Arguably, this interest will only increase with the Saudi announcement of Vision 2030, which is designed to encourage economic diversification, entrepreneurship, and a deregulated business environment. Entrepreneurship creates new jobs, essential in a region with a young population and high . This new development consensus has emerged at a time when many Arab countries are grappling with the root causes of the Arab uprisings. World Bank, “What is Inclusive Growth?” February 10, 2009, http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTDEBTDEPT/Resources/468980-1218567884549/WhatIs. These trends were reflected in the eighth United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG), which called for promoting “inclusive and sustainable economic growth, employment, and decent work for all.”1 Inclusive growth occurs when economic prosperity is long-term, sustainable, and reaches a broad spectrum of a population. While entrepreneurship is a valuable policy tool for promoting private sector employment in new firms, “intrapreneurship’” from within existing public and private sector entities can also be a useful job creation tool. Sahar Nasr and Douglas Pearce, SMEs for Job Creation in the Arab World: SME Access to Financial Services (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2012), 5, http://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/1115c70045539e51af04afc66d9c728b/SMEs+for+Job+Creation+in+the+Arab+World.pdf?MOD=AJPERES. It draws from the reports "Quality Assessment of Entrepreneurship Indicators", prepared by FORA (Denmark). “Business Reforms Pick Up.” The Doing Business report ranks how countries are faring in terms of breaking down regulatory barriers to entrepreneurs. The education system in Egypt, for example, has been found to encourage a culture that socializes and prepares people to depend on and seek government employment in the state-owned sectors of the economy rather than starting a new business.42 Only the American University in Cairo has a university incubator program to support startup entrepreneurs, though independent incubators exist outside the universities.43 Governments should promote entrepreneurship through school curricula and programs to change cultural mindsets. Found insideThe Review of Economics and Statistics, 88(2), ... Return migration and the survival of entrepreneurial activities in Egypt. World Development, 40(10), ... 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