So why didn't this happen? This book is the first comprehensive study of the international community's earliest efforts to solve the Palestinian refugee problem. The Palestinian Refugees are characterized as young population where 41.7% of them are under the age of 15 years for Palestinian refugees in Palestinian territory, 35.9% of Palestinian refugees in . This meant no more than 650,000 Palestinian Arabs could have become refugees. Palestinian refugees are the only refugee population that has its own dedicated UN agency. Palestinian terrorists were suspected of perpetrating the act. Israel refuses to allow Palestinian . In fact, between June 2000 and June 2003, the number of Palestinians living in camps in the PA has increased by nearly 50,000 (8 percent) and the overall number of refugees has grown by 11 percent. Moreover, the Arab states routinely pushed for the adoption of UN resolutions demanding that Israel desist from the removal of Palestinian refugees from camps in Gaza and the West Bank. It found only 756,000 permanent Arab residents in Israel. One in three refugees world wide is Palestinian. Despite the position taken by the Arab states, Israel did release the Arab refugees’ blocked bank accounts, which totaled more than $10 million. Among the victories were the battles for Tiberias and Haifa, which were accompanied by the evacuation of the Arab inhabitants. As such, many Palestinians who were living in Iraq have suffered forced displacement twice: once from their original homes, and then from their host country. In addition, through 1975, the Israeli government paid to more than 11,000 claimants more than 23 million Israeli pounds in cash and granted more than 20,000 acres as alternative holdings. Morris notes that “in general, Haganah and IDF commanders were not forced to confront the moral dilemma posed by expulsion; most Arabs fled before and during the battle, before the Israeli troops reached their homes and before the Israeli commanders were forced to confront the dilemma.”. 2011. A Palestine refugee camp is defined as a plot of land placed at the disposal of UNRWA by the host . Little is heard about them because they did not remain refugees for long. Jordan annexed the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, granting citizenship to the Arab refugees and residents living in the West Bank against the objection of many Arab leaders who still hoped to establish an Arab state of Palestine. The native population lacked leaders who could calm them; their spokesmen, such as the Arab Higher Committee, were operating from the safety of neighboring states and did more to arouse their fears than to pacify them. In August 1950, the UN reported 27,000 people in Israel had claimed refugee status, but the Israeli government requested that relief distribution be discontinued because it was assuming responsibility for them. The Arabs’ fear was naturally exacerbated by the atrocity stories following the attack on Deir Yassin. During the subsequent war, as many as 325,000 Arab residents fled to escape fighting in the area. Payments were made by land value between 1948 and 1953, plus 6 percent for every year following the claim submission. The Jewish Community Council issued a statement afterward: “We did not dispossess them; they themselves chose this course.... Let no citizen touch their property.”. John Bagot Glubb, the commander of Jordan’s Arab Legion, said: “Villages were frequently abandoned even before they were threatened by the progress of war” (London Daily Mail, August 12, 1948). The tragedy of the Palestinians was that most of their leaders had paralyzed them with false and unsubstantiated promises that they were not alone; that 80 million Arabs and 400 million Muslims would instantly and miraculously come to their rescue. The expulsions were not designed to force out the entire Arab population; the areas where they took place were strategically vital and meant to prevent the threat of any rearguard action against the Israeli forces, and to insure clear lines of communication. But we ourselves are the ones who encouraged them to leave. The main goal of this book is to record as much of the Palestinian refugees' political history as possible. The presence of such a large refugee population Describing Palestinians as "refugees" living in "refugee camps" is a further example of politicized word choice. By the mid­1950s, it was evident neither the refugees nor the Arab states were prepared to cooperate on the large-scale development projects originally foreseen by the Agency as a means of alleviating the Palestinians’ situation. Surprisingly, rather than acting as a strategically valuable “fifth-­column” in the war, the Palestinians chose to flee to the safety of the other Arab states, still confident of being able to return. Encompassing history, politics, and political culture, Bowker grapples with fundamental issues of Palestinian identity in the context of the peace process. Not one of the more than 100 UN resolutions on the Middle East conflict referring to refugees mention the Jews from Arab countries, Their situation had long been precarious. Israel’s position was expressed by David Ben-Gurion (August 1, 1948): The Israeli government was not indifferent to the plight of the refugees; an ordinance was passed creating a Custodian of Abandoned Property “to prevent unlawful occupation of empty houses and business premises, to administer ownerless property, and also to secure tilling of deserted fields, and save the crops....”. Many Arabs claim that 800,000 to 1,000,000 Palestinians became refugees in 1947-­49. As recently as 1994, Israel gave more to UNRWA than all Arab countries except Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Morocco. The Arab governments and the refugees themselves were unwilling to contribute to any plan that could be interpreted as fostering resettlement. The United States had provided the organization with approximately $300 million annually during Obama’s term; more than one-quarter of the agency’s budget. The Israelis considered the settlement of the refugee issue a negotiable part of an overall peace settlement. Palestinian Refugees Deserve the Right to Return Home. This groundbreaking book offers a richly nuanced account of Palestinian exile, and presents new possibilities for the future of the community. From 2015-2020, the only Arab state among the top 20 donors was Saudi Arabia, which ranked 7th and contributed about $29 million, less than Germany, the EU, UK, Sweden, Japan, and Switzerland. Instead, thousands of South Koreans and other Asians were recruited to fill jobs. Sources: Barry Rubin, “How the Palestinians Trap Themselves and Drag the West Along,” PJ Media, (May 5, 2013). The resolution met most of Israel’s concerns regarding the refugees, whom they regarded as a potential fifth column if allowed to return unconditionally. UNRWA has a camp services office in each camp, which the residents visit to update their records or to raise issues relating to Agency services with the Camp Services Officer (CSO). Found insideWhat does the Palestinian situation tell us about the world? Life Lived in Relief is essential reading for anyone interested in the history and practice of humanitarianism today. The Agency does not own, administer or police the camps, as this is the responsibility of the host authorities. Answer (1 of 2): To give a bit of context, it's worth remembering that there are at least four ways of defining Palestinian refugees. They want to keep it as an open sore, as an affront to the United Nations and as a weapon against Israel. This book explores the realities behind the Palestinian exodus of 1948 during the Arab-Israeli war. The Palestinian refugee issue remains a central component of the Arab-Israeli conflict. This book explores the demographic and developmental challenges which the return of refugees to a future Palestinian state would generate. Various factors influenced their decision to seek safety in flight. To repatriate those who had fled would be, in the words of Foreign Minister Moshe Sharett, “suicidal folly.”. "The Palestinian refugee issue originated in the 1948 Arab-Israeli war, when five Arab armies invaded the State of Israel just hours after it was established. Arab leaders don’t give a damn whether the refugees live or die.”. As of 2021, Palestine refugees registered as such with the Agency and eligible to access its services within the UNRWA areas of operations (Lebanon, Jordan, Syria, the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and the Gaza Strip). Finding a solution to the issue of Palestinian refugees has remained the main hurdle for an Israeli-Palestinian peace settlement. This book represents a comprehensive political analysis of the Palestinian refugee issue. The number of registered Palestine refugees has subsequently grown from 914,000 in 1950 to more than four million in 2002, and continues to rise due to natural population growth. The refugees found shelter in surrounding countries including Jordan, Syria and Egypt. Estimates vary on the number of Palestinians who became refugees as a result of the war. In just the past three years, the number grew by 8 percent. The U.N. had by October, 1948 produced two more estimates for . In the midst of wanton aggression, we yet call upon the Arab inhabitants of the State of Israel to preserve the ways of peace and play their part in the development of the State, on the basis of full and equal citizenship and due representation in all its bodies and institutions....We extend our hand in peace and neighborliness to all the neighboring states and their peoples, and invite them to cooperate with the independent Jewish nation for the common good of all. The UN estimated that during the fighting 175,000 Palestinians had fled for a second time and approximately 350,000 left for the first time. united nations relief and works agency for palestine refugees in the near east, Palestine refugees are defined as “persons whose normal place of residence was Palestine during the period 1 June 1946 to 15 May 1948, and who lost both home and means of livelihood as a result of the 1948 conflict.”Â. Documents the lives of the Palestinian refugees who for four generations have lived a 'temporary' life while they wait the right to return to their homelands How many Palestinian refugees are there today? It can also evoke the many expulsions that have occurred since: the about 300,000 Palestinians whom Israel displaced when it conquered the West Bank and Gaza Strip in 1967; the roughly 250,000 . Yigal Allon, the commander of the Palmach (the “shock force of the Haganah”), said he had Jews talk to the Arabs in neighboring villages and tell them a large Jewish force was in Galilee with the intention of burning all the Arab villages in the Lake Huleh region. Includes statistics. How many Palestinian refugees are there today? About 263,000 Palestinians and their descendents are internally displaced i.e. The Arabs were told to leave while they still had time and, according to Allon, they did exactly that. The United Nations first took up the refugee issue and adopted Resolution 194 on December 11, 1948. One in three refugees world wide is Palestinian. 7. Scope of the study The only country that accepts Palestinian refugees from Syria is Turkey, and if they are caught in Jordan, Lebanon, or Egypt, they face deportation back to Syria. Once the invasion began in May 1948, most Arabs remaining in Palestine left for neighboring countries. This book offers a clear definition of the land and people of Palestine, and refutes the Jews alleged historical claims to Palestine. We will do everything in our power to maintain peace and establish a cooperation gainful to both [Jews and Arabs]. The General Assembly subsequently voted, on November 19, 1948, to establish the United Nations Relief For Palestinian Refugees (UNRPR) to dispense aid to the refugees. While Jewish refugees from Arab countries received no international assistance, Palestinians received millions of dollars through UNRWA, which is funded almost entirely by voluntary contributions from UN member states. Local military leaders were of little or no comfort. In 1967, more than 9,000 families were reunited and, by 1971, Israel had readmitted 40,000 refugees. The U.S. Consul General in Haifa, Aubrey Lippincott, wrote on April 22, 1948, for example, that “local mufti-­dominated Arab leaders” were urging “all Arabs to leave the city, and large numbers did so.”, The Economist, a frequent critic of the Zionists, reported on October 2, 1948: “Of the 62,000 Arabs who formerly lived in Haifa not more than 5,000 or 6,000 remained. According to historians, Palestinians left in 1948 for many reasons. Tens of thousands of Arab men, women and children fled toward the eastern outskirts of the city in cars, trucks, carts, and afoot in a desperate attempt to reach Arab territory until the Jews captured Rushmiya Bridge toward Samaria and Northern Palestine and cut them off. Found insideThe Politics of Suffering examines the confluence of international aid, humanitarian relief, and economic development within the space of the Palestinian refugee camp. She was told the Palestinian Authority had made a “political decision” not to do anything for the nearly half a million Palestinians living in the camps until the final-status talks with Israel took place. A report by the UN Mediator on Palestine (as of September 1948) arrived at an even lower figure — 360,000. For decades, the United States was the largest single donor and contribued nearly $6.3 billion between 1950 and 2018. When discussing refugees, the reference is always to Palestinian Arab refugees and ignores the Jews who were displaced during the 1948 War. Consider an infant in 1948 would be over 70 today. Reissued with an extensive new foreword by Noam Chomsky, which brings the story that Sayigh tells up-to-date in the context of the Hamas victory and the war in Lebanon, this book is both a fascinating historical document and an essential ... The Invasion The CIA estimate was 330,000. Jewish victories … have reduced Arab morale to zero and, following the cowardly example of their inept leaders, they are fleeing from the mixed areas in their thousands. How many Palestinian Arabs left their homes, how many are still listed as refugees now? Nearly one-third of the registered Palestine refugees, more than 1.5 million individuals, live in 58 recognized Palestine refugee camps in Jordan, Lebanon, the Syrian Arab Republic, the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, including East Jerusalem. When the residents realized they were defenseless, they fled in panic. Approximately 160,000 Arabs had chosen to do so. Jewish forces seized Tiberias on April 19, 1948, and the entire Arab population of 6,000 was evacuated under British military supervision. Estimates of the number of Arabs who fled the newly-created State of Israel in 1948 (i.e. The tragedy of the refugees continued in 1967. Syria’s UN delegate, Faris el-Khouri, interrupted the UN debate on Palestine to describe the seizure of Haifa as a “massacre” and said this action was “further evidence that the ‘Zionist program’ is to annihilate Arabs within the Jewish state if partition is effected.”, The following day, however, the British representative at the UN, Sir Alexander Cadogan, told the delegates that the fighting in Haifa had been provoked by the continuous attacks by Arabs against Jews a few days before and that reports of massacres and deportations were erroneous. According to UNWRA, there are 5,340,443 registered Palestinian refugees as of January 2017. A leading Palestinian nationalist of the time, Musa Alami, revealed the attitude of the fleeing Arabs: The Arabs of Palestine left their homes, were scattered, and lost everything. UNRWA Commissioner-General Phillipe Lazzarini receives a vaccine against COVID-19 at the Ministry of Health in Ramallah in the occupied West Bank on 9 February 2021, with the Palestinian Minister . The Palestinians left their homes in 1947-48 for a variety of reasons. Ambassador Nikki Haley on Wednesday urged the Trump administration to release a classified report about how many Palestinian refugees receive aid from the U.N.'s Palestinian refugee . UNRWA’s mandate was to support “Palestine Refugees,” not Palestinian Arab refugees. However, UNRWA also maintains schools, health centres and distribution centres in areas outside the recognized camps where Palestine refugees are concentrated, such as Yarmouk, near Damascus. Today, some 5 million Palestine refugees are eligible for UNRWA services. Starting in December 1947, he said, “Arab officers ordered the complete evacuation of specific villages in certain areas, lest their inhabitants ‘treacherously’ acquiesce in Israeli rule or hamper Arab military deployments.” He concluded, “There can be no exaggerating the importance of these early Arab-initiated evacuations in the demoralization, and eventual exodus, of the remaining rural and urban populations.”, The Arab National Committee in Jerusalem, following the March 8, 1948, instructions of the Arab Higher Committee, ordered women, children and the elderly in various parts of Jerusalem to leave their homes: “Any opposition to this order...is an obstacle to the holy war...and will hamper the operations of the fighters in these districts.” Morris also documented that the Arab Higher Committee ordered the evacuation of “several dozen villages, as well as the removal of dependents from dozens more” in April-July 1948. Socioeconomic conditions in the camps are generally poor, with high population density, cramped living conditions and inadequate basic infrastructure such as roads and sewers. About 20,000 Palestinians were internally displaced in the West Bank and Gaza Strip by 2001, some 3,000 of whom were newly displaced during that year. Turkey - 5.0 per cent. Found insideIn The War of Return, Adi Schwartz and Einat Wilf—both liberal Israelis supportive of a two-state solution—reveal the origins of the idea of a right of return, and explain how UNRWA - the very agency charged with finding a solution for ... UNRWA has a total of 400,582 Palestinian refugees registered in Lebanon. The Arab Liberation Army was also reported to have ordered the evacuation of another village south of Haifa. Sign up below to receive the latest news and updates about our work with Palestine refugees across the Middle East. Today, some 5 million Palestine refugees are eligible for UNRWA services. In early April, an estimated 25,000 Arabs left the Haifa area following an offensive by the irregular forces led by Fawzi al-­Qawukji, and rumors that Arab air forces would soon bomb the Jewish areas around Mt. Historically and geographically that is part of Palestine, so those people are already "home." Add to that the 1.5 million Palestinians living in the Palestinian Authority (including more than 500,000 "refugees") and one can accurately say that the majority of Palestinians live in Palestine. Benny Morris, “The Causes and Character of the Arab Exodus from Palestine: The Israel Defence Forces Intelligence Branch Analysis of June 1948,” Middle Eastern Studies, (January 1986). Arab refugees. That year, Israel occupied the West Bank and Gaza Strip, and many Palestinians were uprooted for the second time. Such transfer of the Palestinian population driven by hard econmic and discriminatory conditions continues today.SourcesAdapted from The Palestinian Dispossession - Frequently Asked QuestionsMay 15, 2003 By MIFTAHBadil Resource Center for Refugee RightsCouncil for the Advancement of Arab-British UnderstandingShaml - Palestinian Diaspora and Refugee CenterUnited Nations Relief and Works AgencyU.S. In 1950, the UN tried to resettle 150,000 refugees from Gaza in Libya, but was rebuffed by Egypt. Palestinian Welfare elabed.pdf. These refugees had no desire to be repatriated. The 1967 Palestinian exodus refers to the flight of around 280,000 to 325,000 Palestinians out of the territories captured by Israel during and in the aftermath of the Six-Day War, including the demolition of the Palestinian villages of Imwas, Yalo, and Bayt Nuba, Surit, Beit Awwa, Beit Mirsem, Shuyukh, Al-Jiftlik, Agarith and Huseirat and the "emptying" of the refugee camps of Aqabat Jaber . More than 3.8 million Palestinian refugees and their descendents displaced in 1948 are registered for . Little is known about their plight and their unique status. “Their leaders had promised them that the Arab Armies would crush the ‘Zionist gangs’ very quickly and that there was no need for panic or fear of a long exile.”, On April 3, 1949, the Near East Broadcasting Station (Cyprus) said: “It must not be forgotten that the Arab Higher Committee encouraged the refugees’ flight from their homes in Jaffa, Haifa and Jerusalem.”. Netty Gross visited Gaza and asked an official why the camps there hadn’t been dismantled. Most of the Arabs who left had come from the West Bank. Share on Facebook. Since 1948 we have been demanding the return of the refugees to their homes. After ignoring warnings to stay out of the war, King Hussein launched an attack on Jerusalem, Israel’s capital. On January 14, 2021, outgoing Secretary of State Mike Pompeo tweeted about Palestinian refugees, proclaiming "(less than) 200,000 Arabs displaced in 1948 are still alive and most others are not refugees by any rational criteria." A month earlier, on December 11, a group of 22 Republican members of Congress sent a letter to President Trump requesting that he instruct the Bureau of . 37865. largest number of refugees per capita in the world, with the Government estimating that 1.5 million.Syrian refugees are present in the country. The contrast between the reception of Jewish refugees in Israel with the reception of Palestinian refugees in Arab countries is even more stark when one considers the difference in cultural and geographic dislocation experienced by the two groups. A second refugee population was created in 1967. The descendants of Palestine refugee males, including adopted children, are also eligible for registration. There are about 6.5 million Palestinian refugees worldwide. On May 14, 1948, crowds of Arabs stood by the roads leading to the frontiers of Palestine, enthusiastically welcoming the advancing armies. The result was the confinement of the refugees in camps. 224-246. As the fighting spread into areas that had previously remained quiet, the Arabs began to see the possibility of defeat. Mitchell Bard, “The Palestinian refugee hoax,” JNS, (January 26, 2021). Proudly developed and maintained by Vardot - Enterprise Web Solutions. Approximately 750,000 Palestinians were displaced and became refugees as a result of the 1948 war. Syria also declined to resettle 85,000 refugees in 1952-54, though it had been offered international funds to pay for the project. Palestinian refugees worldwide number only some 30,000, and not the millions claimed by the Palestinians, according to a classified Obama-era report on the issue. Turkey is a large and populous country and is better equipped to handle the challenge than, for example, Lebanon. The descendants of Palestine refugee males, including adopted children, are also eligible for registration. Many Jews could take little more than the shirts on their backs. Arab Attitudes Toward the Refugees As the possibility turned into reality, the flight of the Arabs increased — more than 300,000 departed after May 15 — leaving approximately 160,000 Arabs in the State of Israel. Israel's Foreign Ministry and Central Bureau of Statistics estimated the number to be between 500,000 and 600,000.Update The violent birth of Israel led to a major displacement of the Arab population, who either were driven out by Zionist military forces before May 15 . The Assembly of Palestine Jewry issued this appeal on October 2, 1947: On November 30, the day after the partition vote, the Jewish Agency announced: “The main theme behind the spontaneous celebrations we are witnessing today is our community’s desire to seek peace and its determination to achieve fruitful cooperation with the Arabs....”. By contrast, in July 1968, Jordan prohibited persons intending to remain in the East Bank from emigrating from the West Bank and Gaza. A 1949 Government of Israel census counted 160,000 Arabs living in the country after the war. Any discussion aimed at a solution of the Palestine problem which will not be based on ensuring the refugees’ right to annihilate Israel will be regarded as a desecration of the Arab people and an act of treason (, Palestinian Refugees Registered with UNRWA and in UNRWA Camps, British Report on Arab Evacuation of Haifa, Proposals of the United Nations Secretary-General on Palestine Refugees, Israel Proposes Rehabilitation of Refugees, State Department Requests Funds For Palestinian Refugees, United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA), The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited, © 1998 - 2021 American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. This strong collection of original essays is an essential resource for scholars and students in refugee studies, forced migration, disaster studies, legal anthropology, urban studies, international law and Middle East history. The plight of Palestinians uprooted by Israeli-Arab wars now spans five generations, one of the longest-running refugee crises. One reason for the lack of precise figures is that Lebanon has not carried out a . A plethora of evidence exists demonstrating that Palestinians were encouraged to leave their homes to make way for the invading Arab armies. The second phase of the Arab flight began after the Jewish forces started to register military victories against Arab irregulars. There are about 6.5 million Palestinian refugees worldwide. Most would . Israel donated more funds to UNRWA than most Arab states. Today, there are more than 4 million registered Palestinian refugees worldwide. Efraim Karsh published a village by village analysis in 2011 tha arrived at an estimate of 583,121-609,071. Some say the various pre-Israel Zionist armies forced them out, while some say Arab leaders told them to evacuate temporarily during wartime. Unofficial estimates put the real number closer to 250,000. The Arabs rejected all the Israeli compromises. Initially, the United States contributed $25 million and Israel nearly $3 million. The truth is that number was concocted, as is the current figure of 5.7 million used by the UN Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA). In the most dramatic example, in the Ramle-Lod area, Israeli troops seeking to protect their flanks and relieve the pressure on besieged Jerusalem, forced a portion of the Arab population to go to an area a few miles away that was occupied by the Arab Legion. Download our mobile app for on-the-go access to the Jewish Virtual Library. With minimal effort, Trump can address the undying fiction of Palestinian "refugees.". The Agency defined a refugee as “a needy person, who, as a result of the war in Palestine, has lost his home and his means of livelihood.” According to the UN: Unlike the Arab states, which refused to solve the refugee issue by resettling the Palestinian Arabs, Israel willingly accepted refugees within its borders. Less affluent Arabs from the mixed cities of Palestine moved to all-Arab towns to stay with relatives or friends. Palestinian refugees are citizens of Mandatory Palestine, and their descendants, who fled or were expelled from their country over the course of the 1947-49 Palestine war (1948 Palestinian exodus) and the Six-Day War (1967 Palestinian exodus).Most Palestinian refugees live in or near 68 Palestinian refugee camps across Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. In his memoirs, Haled al Azm, the Syrian Prime Minister in 1948­49, also admitted the Arab role in persuading the refugees to leave: “The refugees were confident their absence would not last long, and that they would return within a week or two,” Monsignor George Hakim, a Greek Orthodox Catholic Bishop of Galilee told the Beirut newspaper, Sada al­-Janub (August 16, 1948). The total is much lower than the official figure of 500,000, cited by the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East. Jewish people cling to their right of return, but deny Palestinians the right to do the same. The CSO, in turn, refers refugee concerns and petitions to the UNRWA administration in the area in which the camp is located. So, we got out, but they did not get in.”, “The Secretary-General of the Arab League, Azzam Pasha, assured the Arab peoples that the occupation of Palestine and Tel Aviv would be as simple as a military promenade,” said Habib Issa in the New York Lebanese paper, Al Hoda (June 8, 1951). Hence, Al-Zaytouna Centre for Studies and Consultations presents to the readers this book, the 6th of the humanitarian series Am I Not a Human?, entitled “The Suffering of the Palestinian Refugee”. In the Palestinian Authority, the percentage of people older than 72 is 1.4 percent, bringing the estimates down to 5,600 to 10,500. A second time and approximately 35,000 left Sinai for Egypt 6 percent for every following. Fighting in the regular armies of the community refused to permit the UN problem Revisited (! To 10,500 about their plight and their descendents displaced in 1948 for many.. In 1952-54, though it had been in 1947 theâ responsibility  of UNRWA in Palestine as a against. 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