He noted that the Pope had no right to make war onChristians and take their property simply because they were“fornicators or thieves.” If this were the case, then noEuropean king’s dominion would ever be safe. Imperialism, from thisperspective, is not primarily a form of political domination andeconomic exploitation but rather a paternalistic practice ofgovernment that exports “civilization” (e.g.modernization) in order to foster the improvement of native peoples.Despotic government (and Mill doesn’t hesitate to use this term)is a means to the end of improvement and ultimatelyself-government.The struggle for Indigenous self-determination is not unique toCanada. The second is the impacts of colonialism in Africa. According to Pope Innocent IV, war could not be wagedagainst infidels and they could not be deprived of their propertysimply because of their non-belief.
First,Orientalism is a specific field of academic study about the MiddleEast and Asia, albeit one that Said conceives quite expansively toencompass history, sociology, literature, anthropology and especiallyphilology. Bartolomé de Las Casas and Franciscus deVictoria were two of the most influential critics of Spanish colonialpractice. The work will be examined under two broad headings. Whereas postcolonial theory is associated with theissues of hybridity, diaspora, representation, narrative, andknowledge/power, theories of decolonization are concerned withrevolution, economic inequality, violence, and political identity.View this site from another server:Tocqueville’s analysis of Algeria reflects little anxiety aboutits legitimacy and much concern about the pragmatics of effectivecolonial governance. Some scholars distinguish betweencolonies for settlement and colonies for economic exploitation.
Sovereignty over the colony is claimed by the colonizing power. The term metropole, a synonym for occupying power, comes from the Greek metropolis - mother city. After a brief period ofoptimism about “amalgamation” of the races in his“Second Letter on Algeria” (Tocqueville 1837: 25),Tocqueville understood the colonial world in terms of the permanentopposition of settler and native, an opposition structured to ensurethe economic benefit of the former.Some scholars have begun to question the usefulness of the conceptpost-colonial theory.
Theterm imperialism often describes cases in which a foreign governmentadministers a territory without significant settlement; typicalexamples include the scramble for Africa in the late nineteenthcentury and the American domination of the Philippines and PuertoRico. Whenpeasants lose their traditional livelihoods, there is a great deal ofhuman suffering, but he also points out that traditional villagecommunities are hardly idyllic; they are sites of caste oppression,slavery, misery, and cruelty. This discursive approach is distinct both from the materialistview that knowledge is simply a reflection of economic or politicalinterests and from the idealist view that scholarship is disinterestedand neutral. Enlightenment thinkers such as Kant, Smith and Diderot werecritical of the barbarity of colonialism and challenged the idea thatEuropeans had the obligation to “civilize” the rest of theworld. Many of theinfluential philosophers writing in France and England in theeighteenth and nineteenth centuries had assimilated some version ofthe developmental approach to history that was associated with theScottish Enlightenment. In Tocqueville’swritings on Algeria, the French national interest is paramount andmoral considerations are explicitly subordinate to politicalgoals.Colonialism is not a modern phenomenon. TheSpanish conquest of the Americas was taking place during a period ofreform when humanist scholars within the Church were increasinglyinfluenced by the natural law theories of theologians such as St.Thomas Aquinas. The 3rd section examines the concept of decolonization. therefore a reader will find some usefull tips as far as neo-colonialism …
(Muthu 2003: 77) There are infinite varieties of solutions to thechallenges posed by human existence.
Marxists havedrawn attention to the material basis of European political expansionand developed concepts that help explain the persistence of economicexploitation after the end of direct political rule.Marx’s analysis of colonialism as a progressive force bringingmodernization to a backward feudal society sounds like a transparentrationalization for foreign domination.
colonial encounter, in other words, requires a reinvention of the colonized, the deliberate destruction of the past-what Cesaire calls "thingification."
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