As a concept, a frontier marks both a strategy and physical borders. Nevertheless, in the debates about this dynamics gentrification alerts were dismissed by the argument of the bad image of the neighborhood (which were opposed to the lifestyles of pioneers and gentrifies). Fancy English word for common stuff". Many studies tried to explain gentrification by changing lifestyle orientation, changing demographic patterns and changing working conditions (demand side explanation)?

Anti-gentrification struggles are part of that work. The prevailing 1970s literature, he argued, prioritized individual consumption patterns, changing middle-class lifestyles, and rising construction costs as catalysts for gentrification.But Smith saw this explanation as reductive of cultural preferences and blind to the part of the housing market, including real estate developers, government agencies, landlords and others in the quest for capital: “to explain gentrification according to the gentrifier’s actions alone, while ignoring the role of builders, developers, landlords, mortgage lenders, government agencies, real estate agencies is excessively narrow,” he wrote.His theory, instead, considered how capital flows in and out of neighborhoods, how financial investments in pursuit of long-term profits created incentives for the redevelopment of certain pockets of a city.Illuminating why some areas redevelop and others do not — a question that continues to perplex planners today — Smith suggested the answer lay between the capitalized ground rent and the potential ground rent in depreciated areas. You have been analyzing gentrification processes for nearly 30 years. If Harlem can be gentrified, I don't think any neighbourhood is immune. By contrast, the owners of capital intent on gentrifying and developing a neighbourhood have a lot more 'consumer choice' about which neighbourhoods they want to consume, for the purposes of gentrification, and the kind of housing and other facilities they produce for the rest of us to consume. Some are cataclysmic, especially when there is centralized state sponsorship or large scale institutional involvement, but others may gentrify slowly. The recent desperate invocation of Section 129a of the German legal code, initiating 'terrorism' charges against seven people, including several gentrification researchers, demonstrates exactly how threatening these connections can be. That is, the “rent gap” between the current rent a landlord charges for their units, and the potential rent that could be charged if the units were redeveloped. Gentrification occurs in urban areas where prior disinvestment in the urban infrastructure creates urban neighborhoods that can be profitably redeveloped. In Berlin we find different grades of gentrification due to the Berlin wall. It is also the paradoxical but logical outcome of environmentalist demands for more dense living, pitting But these large scale strategies are also integrated with much more local initiatives, and city managers around the world have become enamoured of the idea of the 'creative city'. This interview is not going to change that, but at least we tried :-) Early examples of gentrification might include the Islington area of London or Greenwich Village in Manhattan but by the 1970s there were many recorded cases of gentrification in Europe, North America and Australia. Many gentrification projects today are designed, built and financed by international capital that makes decisions at a planetary rather than local scale. Hallo, Inloggen. American Planning Association In the Lower East Side in the 1980s one of the anti-gentrification slogans was: 'Die Yuppie Scum'. Contest on the definition of the term "terrorism" Not least, this was the product of racism as Harlem in 1980 was 97% African American. 9, No. The wider the gap, the more the area is positioned for redevelopment:“Gentrification occurs when the gap is wide enough that developers can purchase shells cheaply, can pay the builders’ costs and profit for rehabilitation, can pay interest on mortgage and construction loans, and can then sell the end product for a sale price that leaves a satisfactory return to the developer.”As suburbanization continued and properties within the city depreciated in value, developers stood to profit from redeveloping these properties; thus, capital would flow from the suburbs back into the city.He acknowledges that Smith’s account is not comprehensive: “Many today would argue that his analysis of 'potential rent' needlessly downplayed the immense cultural shifts occurring in the 1960s and 1970s and how those pushed the potential rent curve upward. Neighbourhoods gentrify in different ways, however.

Some neighbourhood activists - in North America I am thinking about people inspired by Jane Jacobs - have tried to rally small-scale gentrifiers to fight large scale urban redevelopment, but this is itself a gentrification strategy aimed at providing neighbourhoods for the so-called creative class. This interview should and would have been published in a much more timely fashion - alas the revanchist state himself decided to intervene and incarcerated our friend Andrej (based on his research on gentrification), who formulated the questions below. Consider Harlem in New York City.

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