The two exceptions are the Tampico incident and the attack and occupation of Vera Cruz.Under the Subject File designation of WE-Mexico are collections of U.S. Marine Corps and Navy operations reports, correspondence, and casualty lists for Tampico and Vera Cruz.Entry 21, Organization Records of National Guard units, consists of orders, sick reports, circulars, rosters, payroll vouchers, and general correspondence concerning recruits, promotions, and furloughs. The MID, entry 63, also contains reports from military attachés, 1917–1941, relating to political, social, military, and economic conditions in Mexico. By order of General Funston, the supply route was moved further north to prevent Carranza's men from cutting off the expeditionary force from Columbus. 4 | Genealogy NotesThe holdings of the National Archives contain a significant amount of primary records pertaining to activities on the United States-Mexican border during the Mexican Punitive Expedition. Hostilities in Mexico continued well after the Americans left.
The engagements were minor but some members of the expedition were killed, including a native of Mexico who had joined the expedition in Spain. Records pertaining to the operations of the "Maneuver Division" were transferred from the War College Division correspondence and are now included in the general correspondence of the Military Intelligence Division (MID), entry 65, under file #6274. Since the expedition was denied the full use of the Mexican railway system, Pershing turned to his motor transport companies. The War Department recognized that a force of at least 200,000 was needed to invade Mexico and that Carranza did not have the troops to ward off an American invasion.
Among the miscellaneous files is a compiled list of casualties for the Mexican border and the Mexican Punitive Expedition. Pershing kept his men at Dublan and sent out scouting parties and detachments to locate Villa without success.Included in this record group are muster rolls, entry 101, for the marines occupying Vera Cruz. Their first attack was a force of 200 warriors, who used burning arrows to set fire to the houses the Europeans occupied. Upon receiving reinforcements, they drove back the Mexicans. The only problem was that the army did not have enough trucks to transport the food, clothing, weapons, and ammunition stored at Columbus.Part I of this record group includes the general correspondence and reports of the Southern Department for the period of 1913 - 1916, entry 4437.
Not since the Mexican-American War of 1846–1848 had the two countries come so close to all-out war. On March 11, 1917, Carranza was officially elected the new president of Mexico but continued to fight off overthrow attempts by Villa and Emiliano Zapata. The general correspondence, entry 37, 1917–1925, contains a series arranged by country. Pershing's experience during the Punitive Expedition and the death of Funston on February 19, 1917, made him the obvious choice as commander of the American Expeditionary Forces during World War I. Entry 152, Records of the Office of the Military Censor, contains reports on censorship along the Mexican border, 1917–1919.The historical records created at the organizational level during the Vera Cruz Expedition, entries 1175–1184, and during the Mexican Punitive Expedition, entries 1185–1229, are clearly the most significant source of documents in the National Archives for the study of the Fifth Infantry Brigade during the Vera Cruz Expedition and the regiments constituting the Mexican Punitive Expedition.Two series, entries 189–190, pertain to correspondence, telegrams, and other papers relating to supplies for a proposed expedition during the Mexican Revolution.It was becoming increasingly obvious that Carranza's de facto government openly disliked the American presence in Mexico. Entry 16 contains miscellaneous files. This force also quickly dispersed and lost only one man.After a few days stuck near the shallow waters, one man came up with a plan: he suggested reforging their weaponry and armor to make tools and to build new boats to sail to Mexico.
The Mexicans suffered fourteen killed.
29, No. Villa's forces at this point were badly depleted by casualties and desertion, and those who remained were largely scattered. The expedition was initially led by Pánfilo de Narváez, who died in 1528. It includes the reports of the Punitive Expedition Air Service, Quartermaster General, Chief of Engineers, Judge Advocate General, and the Inspector General.
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